Home of Carsten Wiuf

Contact Details

2009
Email:wiuf@birc.au.dk
Phone:+45 8942 3155
Dept Phone:+45 8942 3100
Dept Fax:+45 8942 3077
Dept Web http://www.birc.au.dk

Postal Address:Bioinformatics Research Centre (BiRC)
Aarhus University
C. F. Mollers Alle 8, Building 1110
DK-8000 Aarhus C
Denmark

Background

I have a master in mathematics and statistics, and in 1997 I got a PhD in mathematical biology from Aarhus University, supervised by Jotun Hein. After graduating I worked at Dept of Statistics, Oxford University with Peter Donnelly and later with Jotun Hein again, after he moved to Oxford. In 2002 I moved to Cambridge, MA to work in the biotech industry. From 2003, I got a position as research professor at Aarhus University where I'm still employed. Currently, I'm also a visiting professor at Imperial College London.

Research Interests

I'm generally interested in the application of mathematics and statistics in the life sciences. Over the years I have worked on different problems; some of these problems transpire from my publication list below. Initially I worked on issues in relation to the coalescent, a probabilistic description of the genealogical relationship between genes in a population. Later I become involved in applied stuff and have a long and ongoing collaboration with cancer researchers at Dept of Molecular Medicine (MOMA) at Aarhus University Hospital. In particular, we have worked on the analysis of various types of microarray data from bladder, prostate and colon cancers. Besides, I have a long and productive collaboration with Michael Stumpf at Imperial College London; we have mainly focussed on mathematical modelling and analysis of network data. At the moment, one of my main interests is modelling of protein structure and classification.

Publications

My publication list is in reverse chronological order starting from 2010 and going back to 1997; in addition to peer-reviewed publications it contains books, book contributions, various other science contributions and arXiv papers (some later published in journals). Some of my papers have been selected for the Faculty of 1000 web page and for the Virtual Journal of Biological Physics Research (or both); they are listed separately below but also included in the publication list.

Peer Reviewed: 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997
Books, Book Contributions, Other Science Contributions, arXiv, Faculty of 1000, Vir J Bio Phys Res


Peer Reviewed Publications

2010

  • Knudsen M, Wiuf C. 2009 The CATH database. Hum Genom, to appear.
  • Ratmann O, Andrieu C, Wiuf C, Richardson S. 2010 Reply to Robert et al.: Model criticism informs model choice and model comparison. PNAS 107: E6-E7. [pdf]

2009

  • Kristensen LS, Wojdacz TK, Thestrup BB, Wiuf C, Hager H, Hansen LL. 2009 Quality assessment of DNA derived from up to 30 years old formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPE) for PCR-based methylation analysis using SMART-MSP and MS-HRM. BMC Cancer 9: 453. [pdf]
  • Pradal C, Olesen JM, Wiuf C. 2009 Temporal development and collapse of an Arctic plant-pollinator network. BMC Ecology 9: 24. [pdf]
  • Ratmann O, Wiuf C, Pinney JW. 2009 From evidence to inference: probing the evolution of protein interaction networks. HFSP Journal 3: 290-306. [pdf]
  • Li J, Wang K, Li S, Timmermans-Wielenga V, Rank F, Wiuf C, Zhang X, Yang H, Bolund L. 2009 DNA Copy number aberrations in breast cancer by array Comparative Genomic Hybridization. Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics 7: 13-24. [pdf]
  • Ratmann O, Andrieu C, Wiuf C, Richardson S. 2009 Model criticism based on likelihood-free inference. PNAS 106: 10576-10581. [pdf]
  • Hollegaard MV, Grauholm J, Borglum A, Nyegaard M, Norgaard-Pedersen B, Orntoft T, Mortensen PB, Wiuf C, Mors O, Didriksen M, Thorsen P, Hougaard DM. 2009 Genome-wide scans using archived neonatal dried blood spot samples. BMC Genomics 10: 297. [pdf]
  • Zieger K, Wiuf C, Jensen KM-E, Orntoft TF, Dyrskjot L. 2009 Chromosomal imbalance in the progression of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 9: 149. [pdf]
  • Hobolth A, Wiuf C. 2009 The genealogy, site frequency spectrum and ages of two nested mutant alleles. Theor Pop Biol 75: 260-265. [pdf]
  • Wang K, Li J, Li S, Bolund L, Wiuf C. 2009 Estimation of tumor heterogeneity using CGH array data. BMC Bioinformatics 10: 12. [pdf]

2008

  • Li J, Gromov P, Gromova I, Moreira JM, Timmermans-Wielenga V, Rank F, Wang K, Li S, Li H, Wiuf C, Yang H, Zhang X, Bolund L, Celis JE. 2008 Omics-based profiling of carcinoma of the breast and matched regional lymph node metastasis. Proteomics 8: 5038-5052. [pdf]
  • d'Amore F, Chan E, Iqbal J, Geng H, Young K, Xiao L, Hess MM, Sanger WG, Smith L, Wiuf C, Hagberg O, Fu K, Chan WC, Dave BJ. 2008 Clonal evolution in t(14;18)-positive follicular lymphoma, evidence for multiple common pathways, and frequent parallel clonal evolution. Clin Cancer Res 14: 7180-7187. [pdf]
  • Hobolth A, Uyenoyama MK, Wiuf C. 2008 Importance sampling for the infinite sites model. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol 7: 32 [pdf]
  • Madsen BE, Villesen P, Wiuf C. 2008 Short tandem repeats in human exons: A target for disease mutations. BMC Genomics 9: 410. [pdf]
  • Schepeler T, Reinert JT, Christensen LL, Silahtaroglu AN, Dyrskjot L, Ostenfeld MS, Wiuf C, Sorensen FJ, Kruhoffer M, Laurberg S, Kauppinen S, Orntoft TF, Andersen CL. 2008 Diagnostic and prognostic microRNAs in stage II colon cancer. Cancer Res 68: 6416-6424. [pdf]
  • Madsen BE, Ramos EM, Boulard M, Duda, Overgaard J, Nordsmark M, Wiuf C, Hansen LL. 2008 Germline mutation in RNASEL predicts increased risk of head and neck, uterine cervix and breast cancer. PLoS One 3: e2492. [pdf]
  • Herbsleb M, Birkenkamp-Demtroder K, Thykjaer T, Wiuf C, Hein A-MK, Orntoft TF, Dyrskjot L. 2008 Increased cell motility and invasion upon knockdown of lipolysis stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) in SW780 bladder cancer cells. BMC Med Genomics 1: 31. [pdf]
  • Christensen LL, Madsen BE, Wikman FP, Wiuf C, Koed K, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Syvanen A-C, Andersen CL, Orntoft TF. 2008 The association between genetic variants in hMLH1 and hMSH2 and the development of sporadic colorectal cancer in the Danish population. BMC Med Genet 9: 52. [pdf]
  • Stumpf MPH, Thorne T, de Silva E, Stewart R, An HJ, Lappe M, Wiuf C. 2008 Estimating the size of the human interactome. PNAS 105: 6959-6964. [pdf] [comment]
  • Herbsleb M, Christensen OF, Thykjaer T, Wiuf C, Borre M, Orntoft TF, Dyrskjot L. 2008 Bioinformatic identification of FGF, p38-MAPK, and calcium signalling pathways associated with carcinoma in situ in the urinary bladder. BMC Cancer 8: 37. [pdf]
  • Knudsen M, Wiuf C. 2008 A Markov chain approach to Randomly Grown Graphs. J Applied Math 2008: 190836. [pdf]

2007

  • Brameier M, Wiuf C. 2007 Ab initio identification of human miRNAs for genome scanning based on structure motifs. BMC Bioinformatics 8: 478. [pdf]
  • Hansen LL, Madsen BE, Pedersen K, Wiuf C. 2007 Conflicting results in SNP genotype assessment. BioTechniques 43: 756-762. [pdf]
  • Lamy P, Andersen CL, Dyrskjot L, Torring N, Wiuf C. 2007 A Hidden Markov Model to estimate population mixture and allelic copy-numbers in cancers using Affymetrix SNP arrays. BMC Bioinformatics 8: 434. [pdf]
  • Ratmann O, Jorgensen O, Hinkley T, Stumpf M, Richardson S, Wiuf C. 2007 Using likelihood-free inference to compare evolutionary dynamics of the protein networks of H. pylori and P. falciparum. PLoS Comp Biol 3: e320. [pdf]
  • Madsen BE, Villesen P, Wiuf C. 2007 A periodic pattern of SNPs in the human genome. Genome Res 17: 1414-1419. [pdf]
  • Sorensen FJ, Andersen CL, Wiuf C. 2007 SNPTools: A software tool for visualization and analysis of microarray data. Bioinformatics 23: 1550-1552. [pdf]
  • Stumpf MPH, Kelly W, Thorne T, Wiuf C. 2007 Evolution at the system level: The natural history of protein interaction networks. TREE 22: 366-372. [pdf]
  • Ewens WJ, RoyChoudhury A, Lewontin RC, Wiuf C. 2007 Two variance results in population genetics theory. Math Popul Stud 14: 93-110. [pdf]
  • Brameier M, Wiuf C. 2007 Co-clustering and visualization of gene expression data and gene ontology terms for Saccharomyces cerevisiae using self-organizing maps. J Biomed Inform 40: 160-173. [pdf]
  • Torring N, Borre M, Sorensen KD, Andersen CL, Wiuf C, Orntoft TF. 2007 Genome-wide analysis of allelic imbalance in prostate cancer using the Affymetrix 50K SNP mapping array. British J Cancer 96: 499-506. [pdf]
  • Gilbert MTP, Binladen J, Miller W, Wiuf C, Willerslev E, Poinar H, Carlson JE, Leebens-Mack JH, Schuster SC. 2007 Recharacterisation of ancient DNA miscoding lesions: Insights in the era of the sequencing-by-synthesis. Nuc Acids Res 35: 1-10. [pdf]
  • Hebsgaard M, Wiuf C, Gilbert MTP, Glenner H, Willerslev E. 2007 Evaluating Neandertal genetics and phylogeny. J Mol Evol 64: 50-60. [pdf]
  • Andersen CL, Wiuf C, Kruhoffer M, Korsgaard M, Laurberg S, Orntoft TF. 2007 Frequent occurrence of uniparental disomy in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 28: 38-48. [pdf]

2006

  • Lamy P, Andersen CL, Dyrskjot L, Torring N, Orntoft T, Wiuf C. 2006 Are microRNAs located in cancer specific regions in the genome? British J Cancer 95: 1415-1418. [pdf]
  • de Silva E, Thorne T, Ingram P, Agrafioti I, Swire J, Wiuf C, Stumpf MPH. 2006 The effects of incomplete protein interaction data on structural and evolutionary inferences. BMC Biology 4: 39. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C. 2006 Consistency of estimators of population scaled parameters using composite likelihood. J Math Biol 53: 821-841. [pdf]
  • Lamy P, Andersen CL, Wikman FP, Wiuf C. 2006 Genotyping and annotation of Affymetrix SNP arrays. Nuc Acids Res 34: e100. [pdf]
  • Hagberg O, Wiuf C. 2006 Convergence properties of the degree distribution of some growing network models. Bull Math Biol 68: 1275-1291. [pdf]
  • Hansen A, Mitchell D, Wiuf C, Paniker L, Brand T, Binladen J, Gilichinsky D, Ronn R, Willerslev E. 2006 Crosslinks rather than strand breaks determine access to ancient DNA sequences frozen sediments. Genetics 173: 1175-1179. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C, Brameier M, Hagberg O, Stumpf MPH. 2006 A likelihood approach to analysis of network data. PNAS 103: 7566-7570. [pdf]
  • Aaboe M, Birkenkamp-Demtroder K, Wiuf C, Sorensen FB, Thykjaer T, Sauter G, Jensen KM-E, Dyrskjot L, Orntoft T. 2006 SOX4 expression in bladder carcinoma: clinical aspects and in-vitro functional characterization. Cancer Res 66: 3434-3442. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C, Stumpf MPH. 2006 Binomial subsampling. Proc Roy Soc A 462: 1181-1195. [pdf]
  • Binladen J, Wiuf C, Gilbert MTP, Bunce M, Barnett R, Larson G, Greenwood AD, Haile J, Ho SYW, Hansen AJ, Willerslev E. 2006 Assessing the fidelity of ancient DNA sequences amplified from nuclear genes. Genetics 172: 733-741. [pdf]

2005

  • Zieger K, Dyrskjot L, Wiuf C, Jensen JL, Andersen CL, Jensen KM-E, Orntoft TF. 2005 Role of activating fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutations in the development of bladder tumors. Clin Cancer Res 11: 7709-7719. [pdf]
  • Stumpf MPH, Wiuf C. 2005 Sampling properties of random graphs: The degree distribution. Phys Rev E, 72: 036118. [pdf]
  • Stumpf MPH, Ingram PJ, Nouvel I, Wiuf C. 2005 Statistical model selection methods applied to biological network data. Lect Notes Comput Sc (Transactions on Computational Systems Biology III) 3737: 65-77. [pdf]
  • Stumpf MPH, Wiuf C, May RM. 2005 Subnets of scale-free networks are not scale-free: Sampling properties of networks. PNAS 102: 4221-4224. [pdf]
  • Koed K, Wiuf C, Christensen LL, Wikman FP, Zieger K, Moller K, von der Maase H, Orntoft TF. 2005 High-density single nucleotide polymorphism array defines novel stage and location dependent allelic imbalances in human bladder tumors. Cancer Res 65: 34-45. [pdf] [journal cover]

2004

  • Wiuf C, Zhao K, Innan H, Nordborg M. 2004 The probability and chromosomal extent of trans-specific polymorphisms. Genetics 168: 2363-2372. [pdf]
  • Villesen P, Aagaard L, Wiuf C, Pedersen FS. 2004 Identification of endogenous retroviral reading frames in the human genome. Retrovirology 1: 32. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C. 2004 Inference on recombination and block structure using unphased data. Genetics 166: 537-545. [pdf]
  • Willerslev E, Hansen AJ, Ronn R, Brand TB, Barnes I, Wiuf C, Gilichinsky D, Mitchell D, Cooper A. 2004 Long-term persistence of bacterial DNA. Curr Biol 14: R9-R10. [pdf]

2003

  • Wiuf C, Laidlaw Z, Stumpf MPH. 2003 Some notes on the combinatorial properties of haplotype tagging. Math Biosci 185: 205-216. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C, Posada D. 2003 A coalescent model of hotspot recombination. Genetics 164: 407-417. [pdf]
  • Willerslev E, Hansen AJ, Binladen J, Brand TB, Gilbert MTP, Shapiro B, Bunce M, Wiuf C, Gilichinsky DA, Cooper A. 2003 Diverse plant and animal genetic records from holocene and pleistocene sediments. Science 300: 791-795. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C. 2003 Inferring population history from genealogical trees. J Math Biol 46: 241-264. [pdf]
  • Posada D, Wiuf C. 2003 Simulating haplotype blocks in the human genome. Bioinformatics 19: 289-290. [pdf]

2002

  • Wiuf C. 2002 On the minimum number of topologies explaining a sample of DNA sequences. Theor Pop Biol 62: 357-363. [pdf]

2001

  • Wiuf C. 2001 Recombination in human mitochondrial DNA? Genetics 159: 749-756. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C, Christensen T, Hein J. 2001 A simulation study of the reliability of recombination detection methods. Mol Biol Evol 18: 1929-1939. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C. 2001 Rare alleles and selection. Theor Pop Biol 59: 287-296. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C. 2001 Do ΔF508 heterozygotes have a selective advantage? Genet Res Camb 78: 41-47. [pdf]
  • Hansen AJ, Willerslev E, Wiuf C, Mourier T, Arctander P. 2001 Statistical evidence for miscoding lesions in ancient DNA templates. Mol Biol Evol 18: 262-265. [pdf]
  • Strimmer K, Wiuf C, Moulton V. 2001 Recombination analysis using directed graphical models. Mol Biol Evol 18: 97-99. [pdf]

2000

  • Hein J, Wiuf C, Møller MB, Knudsen B, Wibling G. 2000 Statistical alignment: computational properties, homology testing and goodness-of-fit. J Mol Biol 302: 265-279. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C. 2000 On the genealogy of a sample of neutral rare alleles. Theor Pop Biol 58: 61-75. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C. 2000 A coalescence approach to gene conversion. Theor Pop Biol 57: 357-367. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C, Hein J. 2000 The coalescent with gene conversion. Genetics 155: 451-462. [pdf]

1999

  • Wiuf C, Donnelly P. 1999 Conditional genealogies and the age of a neutral mutant. Theor Pop Biol 56: 183-201. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C, Hein J. 1999 Recombination as a point process along sequences. Theor Pop Biol 55: 248-259. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C, Hein J. 1999 The ancestry of a sample of sequences subject to recombination. Genetics 151: 1217-1228. [pdf]

1998

  • Pedersen AK, Wiuf C, Christiansen FB. 1998 A codon-based model designed to describe lenti-viral evolution. Mol Biol Evol 15: 1069-1081. [pdf]

1997

  • Wiuf C, Hein J. 1997 On the number of ancestors to a DNA sequence. Genetics 147: 1459-1468. [pdf]

Books

  • Stumpf MPH, Wiuf C (eds). 2010 (to appear) Statistical and Evolutionary Analysis of Biological Networks. Imperial College Press. [ICP]
  • Wiuf C, Andersen CL (eds). 2009 Statistics and Informatics in Molecular Cancer Research. Oxford University Press. [OUP]
  • Hein J, Schierup MH, Wiuf C. 2005 Gene Genealogies, Variation, and Evolution. Oxford University Press. [OUP]

Book Contributions

  • Schierup MH, Wiuf C. 2010 (to appear) The Coalescent of bacterial populations. In Bacterial Population Genetics in Infectious Disease, pp ??, eds DA Robinson, EJ Feil and D Falush, John Wiley & Sons. [JW]
  • Madsen BE, Villesen P, Wiuf C. 2010 (to appear) Ultra short tandem repeats and genetic variation. In Methods in Molecular Biology - Genetic Variation, pp ??, eds MR Barnes and G Breen, Humana Press. [HP]
  • Wiuf C, Ratmann O. 2010 (to appear) Evolutionary analysis of protein interaction networks. In Statistical and Evolutionary Analysis of Biological Networks, pp ??, eds MPH Stumpf and C Wiuf, Imperial College Press. [ICP]
  • Wiuf C, Lamy P, Andersen CL. 2009 Methods for derivation of LOH and allelic copy numbers using SNP arrays. In Statistics and Informatics in Molecular Cancer Research, pp 62-77, eds C Wiuf and CL Andersen, Oxford University Press. [OUP]
  • Wiuf C. 2003 The age of a rare mutation. In Highly Structured Stochastic Systems, pp 417-422, eds PJ Green, NL Hjort and S Richardson, Oxford University Press. [pdf] [OUP]

Other Science Contributions

  • Manninen T, Wiuf C, Lahdesmaki H, Grzegorczyk M, Rahnenfuhrer J, Ahdesmaki M, Linne M-J, Yli-Harja O (eds). 2009 Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Computational Systems Biology, WCSB 2009, TICSP Series #48. [html]
  • Ratmann O, Andrieu C, Wiuf C, Richardson S. 2009 Likelihood-free model criticism applied to stochastic models of protein network evolution. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Computational Systems Biology, WCSB 2009, TICSP Series #48, pp 143-146, eds T Manninen, C Wiuf C, H Lahdesmaki, M Grzegorczyk, J Rahnenfuhrer, M Ahdesmaki, M-J Linne, O Yli-Harja. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C. 2008 (in Danish) Simple matematiske modeller til beskrivelse af komplekse biologiske systemer. Mathilde 34: 12-15. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C, Ratmann O, Knudsen M. 2008 Analysis of biological network data using likelihood-free inference techniques. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Computational Systems Biology, WCSB 2008, TICSP Series #41, pp 185-188, eds M Ahdesmaki, K Strimmer, N Radde, J Rahnenfuhrer, K Klemm, H Lahdesmaki, O Yli-Harja. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C, Ratmann O. 2007 Statistical analysis of biological network data. In Symposium i Anvendt Statistik 2007 , pp 147-156, ed P Linde. [pdf]
  • Nielsen R, Wiuf C. 2005 Composite likelihood estimation applied to Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) data. ISI Conference Proceedings 2005. [pdf]
  • Hein J, Wiuf C. 2002 Review of GR Grant and WJ Ewens, "Statistical Methods in Bioinformatics: An Introduction". Brief Bioinf 3: 318-319. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C, Hein J. 1999 Discussion of a paper by JT Chang, "Recent common ancestors of all present-day individuals". Adv Appl Prob 31: 1029-1030. [pdf]
  • Donnelly P, Wiuf C. 1999 (Poster abstract) Shared chromosomal segments and genome-wide association mapping. Am J Hum Genet 65: A83. [html]
  • Wiuf C. 1994 A generalization of a von Mises-Fisher conditional distribution result. Research Reports no 296, Department of Theoretical Statistics, University of Aarhus. [pdf]
  • Wiuf C. 1994 Dual spaces and β-orthogeodesic models. Research Reports no 286, Department of Theoretical Statistics, University of Aarhus. [pdf]

arXiv papers

  • Ratmann O, Andrieu C, Wiuf C, Richardson S. 2009 Notes to Robert et al.: Model criticism informs model choice and model comparison. arXiv:0912.3182v1 [stat.ME]. [web]
  • Penner RC, Knudsen M, Wiuf C, Andersen JE. 2009 Fatgraph models of proteins. arXiv:0902.1025v2 [q-bio.BM]. [web]
  • Stumpf MPH, Wiuf C. 2005 Sampling properties of random graphs: the degree distribution. arXiv:cond-mat/0507345v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]. [web]
  • Stumpf MPH, Ingram PJ, Nouvel I, Wiuf C. 2004 Statistical model selection methods applied to biological networks. arXiv:q-bio/0506013v1 [q-bio.MN]. [web]

Papers selected for the Faculty of 1000 web page

  • Stumpf MPH, Thorne T, de Silva E, Stewart R, An HJ, Lappe M, Wiuf C. 2008 Estimating the size of the human interactome. PNAS 105: 6959-6964.
  • Stumpf MPH, Wiuf C, May RM. 2005 Subnets of scale-free networks are not scale-free: Sampling properties of networks. PNAS 102: 4221-4224.
  • Wiuf C, Zhao K, Innan H, Nordborg M. 2004 The probability and chromosomal extent of trans-specific polymorphisms. Genetics 168: 2363-2372.

Papers selected for Vir J Bio Phys Res

  • Vir J Bio Phys Res 18(10) 2009, Biological Networks
    Ratmann O, Wiuf C, Pinney JW. From evidence to inference: probing the evolution of protein interaction networks. HFSP Journal 5: 290-306.
  • Vir J Bio Phys Res 18(2) 2009, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
    Ratmann O, Andrieu C, Wiuf C, Richardson S. Model criticism based on likelihood-free inference. PNAS 106: 10576-10581.
  • Vir J Bio Phys Res 15(11) 2008, Biological Networks
    Stumpf MPH, Thorne T, de Silva E, Stewart R, An HJ, Lappe M, Wiuf C. Estimating the size of the human interactome. PNAS 105: 6959-6964.
  • Vir J Bio Phys Res 11(11) 2006, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
    Wiuf C, Brameier M, Hagberg O, Stumpf MPH. A likelihood approach to analysis of network data. PNAS 103: 7566-7570.
  • Vir J Bio Phys Res 10(7) 2005, Quantitative Genomics
    Stumpf MPH, Wiuf C. Sampling properties of random graphs: The degree distribution. Phys Rev E, 72: 036118.
  • Vir J Bio Phys Res 9(8) 2005, Quantitative Genomics
    Stumpf MPH, Wiuf C, May RM. Subnets of scale-free networks are not scale-free: Sampling properties of networks. PNAS 102: 4221-4224.

Last modified: Dec 2009