Subject: Re: OO spec languages
To: Axel Burandt 
Date: Fri, 25 Jun 1993 15:41:25 +0100 (BST)
In-Reply-To: <9306251455.aa00617@ainur.ee.surrey.ac.ukfrom "Axel Burandt" at Jun 25, 93 03:51:34 pm
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL20]
Content-Type: text
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From: A.Ruiz-Delgado@ee.surrey.ac.uk
Sender: A.Ruiz-Delgado@ee.surrey.ac.uk
Message-ID: <9306251541.aa02591@knossos.ee.surrey.ac.uk>


Hello,

I promised a list of references on OO specification languages and here it is.
A few remarks are necesary:
   * Most of the references are on recent approaches in the use of the OO
     paradigm in the specification area. By specification I mean formal 
     description of a "system" using a well defined syntax, and semantics.
   * Formal methods issues such as refinement, correctness, transformation ..
     are also dealt with in many references.
   * Only approaches explicitly committed to both the OO paradigm and the 
     formal methods framework have been included. OO analysis and design 
     techniques (Booch, Rumbaugh, etc) are NOT considered as they are not 
     formal methods.  Equally, some OO programming languages (Eiffel, POOL ...)
     claim to support the development of formal specifications but since this
     is not their main purpose I have not included any.
   * The domain of application of the languages and methodologies found is 
     varied:
        - Conceptual modeling of Information Systems.
	- Formal description of distributed and open systems.
	- Specification of real-time and safety critical systems.
        - Integration of formal methods in the OO software development.    
   * References related to the same approach are grouped together. Note that
     I have separated OO interpretations of non-OO formal languages from 
     variants and dialects of those languages.  
   * Finally, I welcome any new reference that you may know about, as well as
     any correction to the list. I am preparing a description of each of the
     approaches and I will make it available for all those interested.

Cheers


Antonio Ruiz-Delgado            
Dep of Elec. Eng.
University of Surrey, 
Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, UK.

            ##########################################
            OBJECT ORIENTED SPECIFICATION BIBLIOGRAPHY
            ##########################################

===================================================================
                     ** CMSL **

@INPROCEEDINGS{Wieringa:90,
   author = {R.J. Wieringa},
   title = {{Equational Specification of Dynamic Objects}},
   booktitle = {Object-Oriented Databases: Analysis, Design, and
		Construction (DS-4)},
   editor = {R.A. Meersman and W. Kent and S. Khosla},
   PUBLISHER = {North-Holland},
   YEAR = 1991,
   pages = {415--438},}

@ARTICLE{Wieringa:91,
   author = "R. J. Wieringa", 
   title = {{Steps Towards a Method for the Formal Modeling of Dynamic 
           Objects}},
   journal = "Data and Knowledge Engineering",
   year = 1991,
   volume = 6,
   number = 6,
   pages = "509--540",
   month = oct,
   note = "", }


==========================================================================
		** IS-CORE PROJECT **

@TECHREPORT{Jungclaus:91a,
   author = "R. Jungclaus and G. Saake and T. Hartmann and C. Sernadas",
   title = {{Object Oriented Specification of Information Systems: The 
	    {TROLL} Language}},
   institution = "Techn. Universit{\"{a}}t Braunschweig, Germany",
   number = "91-04",
   month = dec,
   year = 1991,
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Saake:92,
   author = "G. Saake and R. Jungclaus and H.-D. Ehrich",
   Title = {{Object-Oriented Specification and Stepwise Refinement}},
   editor = "De Meer and Heymer and Roth",
   booktitle = "Proc. of IFIP TC6 International Workshop on Open Distributed
		Processing, Berlin, October 1991 (IFIP Transactions C, Vol 1)",
   pages = "99--121",
   year = 1992,
   publisher = "North-Holland",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Jungclaus:91b,
   author = "R. Jungclaus and G. Saake",
   title = {{Formal Specification of Object Systems}},
   booktitle = "Proc. of the Internatinal Conference on Theory and Practice of
   Software Development TAPSOFT'91, Vol 2: Advances in Distributed Computing
   (ADC) and Colloquium on Combining Paradigms for Software Development 
   (CCPSD), Brighton, UK",
   month = apr,
   year = 1991,
   series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
   volume = "493--4",
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Hartmann:91,
   author = "T. Hartmann and R Jungclaus",
   title = {{Abstract Description of Distributed Object Systems}},
   editor = "M. Tokoro and O. Nierstrasz and P. Wegner",
   booktitle = "Proc. of ECOOP'91 Workshop on Object-Based Concurrent 
		Computing",
   pages = "227--244",
   year = 1991,
   series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
   volume = "512",
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Hartmann:92,
   author = "T. Hartmann and R Jungclaus and G Saake",
   title = {{Aggregation in a Behaviour Oriented Object Model}},
   editor = "O. Lehrmann Madsen",
   booktitle = "Proc. of ECOOP'92, European Conference on Object-Oriented
		Programming",
   pages = "57--77",
   year = 1992,
   series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
   volume = "615",
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@UNPUBLISHED{Saake:93a,
   author = "G. Saake and R. Jungclaus and T. Hartmann",
   title = {{Application Modelling in Heterogeneous Enviroments using an
	    Object Specification Language}},
   note = "To appear: Proc. of International Conference on Intelligent and
	   Cooperative Information Systems ICICIS'93, IEEE CS Press 1993"}

@INCOLLECTION{Saake:93b,
   author = "G. Saake and R. Jungclaus",
   title = {{Models and Languages for Abstract Objects}},
   editor = "A. Kent and J. Williams",
   booktitle = "Management Studies to Multiprocessing and Multitasking",
   number = 11,
   series = "Encyclopedia of Microcomputers",
   pages = "173--187",
   publisher = "Marcel Dekker Inc",
   address = "New York",
   year = 1993,
   note = ""}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Ehrich:92,
   author = "H.-D Ehrich and M. Gogolla",
   title = {{Objects and Their Specification}},
   editor = "M. Bidot and C. Choppy",
   booktitle = "Proc of 8th Workshop on Abstract Data Types",
   pages = "40--65",
   series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
   volume = "655",
   year = 1992,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = ""}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Fiadeiro:91,
   author = "J. Fiadeiro and T. Maibaum", 
   title = {{Describing, Structuring and Implementing Objects}},
   booktitle = "Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages. REX School/Workshop
		Proc, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands, 1990",
   pages = "274--310",
   series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
   volume = "489",
   year = 1991,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Ehrich:91,
   author = "H.-D. Ehrich and J. A. Goguen and A. Sernadas",
   title = {{A Categorial Theory of Objects as Observed Processes}}, 
   booktitle = "Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages. REX School/Workshop
		Proc, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands, 1990",
   series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
   volume = "489",
   pages = "203--228",
   year = 1991,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@ARTICLE{C.Sernadas:91,
   author = "C. Sernadas and J. Fiadeiro", 
   title = {{Towards a Object-Oriented Formal Modeling}},
   journal = "Data and Knowledge Engineering",
   year = 1991,
   volume = 6,
   number = 6,
   pages = "479--508",
   month = oct,
   note = "", }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Ehrich:93,
   author = "H.-D. Ehrich and H.-D. Denker and A. Sernadas",
   title = {{Constructing Systems as Object Communities}}, 
   booktitle = "Proc. of TAPSOFT'93, Theory and Practice of Software 
		Development",
   year = 1993,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "To appear",}

@TECHREPORT{A.Sernadas:92,
   author = "A. Sernadas and C. Sernadas and J.F Costa",
   title = {{Object Specification Logic}},
   institution = "INESC/DMIST, Lisbon",
   year = 1992,
   note = "", }

=========================================================================
			** DISCO **

@INPROCEEDINGS{Jarvinen:89,
   author = "H.-M. J{\"{a}}rvinen and R. Kurki-Suonio and M. Sakkinen and 
		K. Syst{\"{a}}",
   title = {{Object-Oriented Specification of Reactive Systems}},
   booktitle = "Proc. of 12th International Conference on Software
                Engineering, Nice, France", 
   pages = "63--71",
   month = mar,
   year = 1990,
   publisher = "IEEE Computer Society Press",
   note = "" ,}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Jarvinen:91,
   author = "H.-M. J{\"{a}}rvinen and R. Kurki-Suonio", 
   title = {{DisCo Specification Language: Marriage of Actions and Objects}},
   booktitle = "Proc. of the 11th International Conference on Distributed 
		Computer Systems",
   pages = "142--151",
   month = may,
   year = 1991,
   publisher = "IEEE Computer Society Press",
   note = "",}

@ARTICLE{Kurki:89,
   author = "R. Kurki-Suonio and H.-M. J{\"{a}}rvinen", 
   title = {{Action Systems Approach to the Specification and Design of 
	    Distributed Systems}},
   journal = "ACM Software Engineering Notes  (Proc. of 5th International
	      Workshop on Software Specification and Design)",
   year = 1989,
   volume = 14,
   number = 3,
   pages = "581--604",
   month = may,
   note = "", }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Systa:92,
   author = "K. Syst{\"{a}} and R. Kurki-Suonio",
   title = {{Modeling of Distributed Real-Time Systems in {DisCo}}},
   booktitle = "Proc. of Euromicro'92 Workshop on Real-time Systems, Athens,
		Greece",
   pages = "136--141",
   month = jun,
   year = 1992,
   publisher = "IEEE Computer Society Press",
   note = "",}

@TECHREPORT{Jarvinen:90,
   author = "H.-M. J{\"{a}}rvinen and R. Kurki-Suonio", 
   title = {{The {DisCo} Language and Temporal Logic of Actions}},
   institution = "Tampere University of Technology, Software Systems 
		  Laboratory",
   number = "11",
   month = sep,
   year = 1990,
   note = "", }

========================================================================
		** COLD **

@UNPUBLISHED{Linden:93a,
   author = "F.J. van der Linden",
   title = {{Object-Oriented Specification in COLD}},
   note = "Submitted to ECOOP'93"}

@TECHREPORT{Linden:93b,
   author = "F.J. van der Linden",
   title = {{An Object-Oriented Approach to SPRINT}},
   institution = "Philips Research Laboratories, The Netherlands",
   number = "RWR-508-re-92413",
   year = 1993,
   note = "", }

=========================================================================
                  ** ENVISAGER **

@ARTICLE{Diaz-Gonzalez:91,
   author = "J.C. Diaz-Gonzalez and J.E. Urban", 
   title = {{Language Aspects of ENVISAGER: An Object-Oriented Environment
	      for the Specification of Real-Time Systems}},
   journal = "Computer Languages",
   year = 1991,
   volume = 16,
   number = 1,
   pages = "19--37",
   note = "", }

=========================================================================
        	 ** TRIO ++ **

@INPROCEEDINGS{Morzenti:91,
   author = "A. Morzenti and P. San Pietro",
   title = {{An Object-Oriented  Logic Language for Modular System 
	   Specification}},
   editor = "P. America",
   booktitle = "Proc. of ECOOP'91 European Conference on Object-Oriented
		Programming",
   series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
   volume = 512,
   pages = "39--58",
   year = 1991,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

=========================================================================
        	 ** MONDEL **

@INPROCEEDINGS{Bochmann:92a,
   author = "G. von Bochmann and S. Poirier and P. Mondain-Monval",
   title = {{Object-Oriented Design for Distributed Systems: The OSI Directory
	     Example}},
   booktitle = "Proc. of IFIP International Conference on Upper Layer Protocols,
		Arquitectures and Applications",          
   month = May,
   year = 1992,
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Bochmann:92b,
   author = "G. von Bochmann and S. Poirier and P. Mondain-Monval",
   title = {{Object-Oriented Design for ODP}},
   editor = "J. de Meer",
   booktitle = "Proc. of International Workshop on ODP, Berlin 1991",
   year = 1992,
   pages = "435--439",
   publisher = "North-Holland",
   note = "This is a shorter version of \cite{Bochmann:92a}"}

@TECHREPORT{Bochmann:91a,
   author = "G. von Bochmann and M. Barbeau and L. Lecomte and N.Williams and
              M. Erradi and P. Mondain-Monval",
   title = {Mondel: An Object-Oriented Specification Language},
   institution = "CRIM/BNR/Universit{\'e} de Montr{\'e}al",
   number = "CRIM-91/10-03",
   month = oct,
   year = 1991,
   note = "", }

=========================================================================
        	 ** ROSA object model **

@INPROCEEDINGS{Schoo:92,
   author = "P. Schoo and I. T{\"o}nby",
   title = {{The ROSA Object Model}},
   editor = "J. de Meer",
   booktitle = "Proc. of International Workshop on ODP, Berlin 1991",
   year = 1992,
   pages = "291--300",
   publisher = "North-Holland",
   note = "",}

========================================================================
		** OOST **

@INCOLLECTION{Schuman:87 ,
   author = "S.A. Schuman and D.H. Pitt",
   title = {{Object-Oriented Subsystem Specification}},
   editor = "L.G.L.T. Meertens",
   booktitle = "Program Specification and Transformation",
   publisher = "North-Holland",
   year = "1987",
   pages = "313--341",
   note = "", }

@INCOLLECTION{Schuman:90 ,
   author = "S.A. Schuman and D.H. Pitt and P.J. Byers",
   title = {{Object-Oriented Process Specification}},
   booktitle = "Program Specification and Transformation",
   series = "Workshops in Computing",
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   year = "1990",
   pages = "21--70",
   note = "", }

@TECHREPORT{Pitt:91,
   author = "D.H. Pitt and P.J. Byers", 
   title = {{The Rest Stays Unchanged (Concurrency and State-Based 
   Specification)}},
   institution = "Department of Mathematical and Computing Sciences, University
   of Surrey",
   number = "CS-91-07",
   year = 1991,
   note = "", }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Watts:92a,
   author = "A.F. Watts and D.H. Pitt and C. Smythe",
   title = {{Object Oriented Specification for Performance Analysis of
	    Layered Protocols}},
   booktitle = "Proc. of the International Conference on Communications, 
		SUPERCOMM/ICI'92, Chicago",
   year = 1992,
   organization = "IEEE Communications Society" ,
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Watts:92b,
   author = "A.F. Watts and D.H. Pitt and C. Smythe",
   title = {{Object Oriented Specification of Multi-Layered Protocols}},
   note = "Submited to ICCI'93",}


=========================================================================
        	 ** Object Oriented Interpretations of FDTs **

@INPROCEEDINGS{Cusack:90a,
   author = "E. Cusack and S. Rudkin and C. Smith",
   title = {{An Object-Oriented Interpretation of LOTOS}},
   editor = "S.T. Vuong",
   booktitle = "Formal Description Techniques II, FORTE'89",
   pages = "211--226",
   year = 1990,
   publisher ="North-Holland",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Cusack:90b,
   author = "E. Cusack",
   title = {{Formal Object Oriented Specification of Concurrent Systems }},
   booktitle = "Workshop on Specification and Verification of Concurrent
                Systems, University of Stirling",
   year = 1990,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Cusack:91c,
   author = "E. Cusack and M. Lai", 
   title = {{Object-Oriented Specification in LOTOS and Z (or my cat is
	   really Object-Oriented!)}},
   booktitle = "Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages. REX School/Workshop
		Proc, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands, 1990",
   pages = "179--202",
   series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
   volume = 489,
   year = 1991,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@ARTICLE{Cusack:91a,
   author = "E. Cusack",
   title = {{Refinement, Conformance and Inheritance}},
   journal = "Formal Aspects of Computing",
   volume = 3,
   number = 2,
   month = apr,
   year = 1991,
   note = "", }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Cusack:91b,
   author = "E. Cusack",
   title = {{Inheritance in Object Oriented Z}},
   editor = "P. America",
   booktitle = "Proc. of ECOOP'91 European Conference on Object-Oriented
		Programming",
   series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
   volume = 512,
   pages = "167--179",
   year = 1991,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Cusack:92a,
   author = "E. Cusack",
   title = {{Object Oriented Modelling in Z for Open Distributed Systems}},
   editor = "J. de Meer",
   booktitle = "Proc. of International Workshop on ODP, Berlin 1991",
   year = 1992,
   publisher = "North-Holland",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Rudkin:92a,
   author = "S. Rudkin",
   title = {{Modeling Information Objects in Z}},
   editor = "J. de Meer",
   booktitle = "Proc. of International Workshop on ODP, Berlin 1991",
   year = 1992,
   publisher = "North-Holland",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Rudkin:92b,
   author = "S. Rudkin",
   title = {{Inheritance in LOTOS}},
   editor = "K.R. Park and G.A. Rose",
   booktitle = "Formal Description Techniques IV, FORTE'91",
   year = 1992,
   publisher ="North-Holland",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Mayr:89,
   author = "T. Mayr",
   title = {{Specification of Object-Oriented Systems in LOTOS}},
   editor = "K.J Turner",
   booktitle = "Formal Description Techniques, FORTE'88",
   pages = "107--119",
   year = 1989,
   publisher ="North-Holland",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Hedlund:93,
   author = "M. Hedlund",
   title = {{The Integration of LOTOS with an Object Oriented Development
   Method}},
   booktitle = "Proc. of FME'93: Industrial Strength Formal Methods",
   year = 1993,
   publisher ="Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 670, Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@TECHREPORT{Black:89,
   author = "S. Black", 
   title = {{Objects and LOTOS}},
   institution = "Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Bristol ",
   country = UK,
   year = 1989,
   note = "", }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Hall:90,
   author = "J.A. Hall",
   title = {{Using Z as a Specification Calculus for Object-Oriented
	      Systems}},
   editor = "D. Bj{\/o}rner and C.A.R. Hoare and H. Langmaack",
   booktitle = "Proc. of VDM'90: VDM and Z --- Formal Methods in Software
		Development",
   series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
   volume = 428,
   pages = "290--318",
   year = 1990,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Whysall:91a,
   author = "P.J. Whysall and J.A. McDermid",
   title = {{An Approach to Object-Oriented Specification Using Z}},
   editor = "J.E. Nicholls",
   booktitle = "Z User Workshop: Proceedings of the 4th Annual Z User Meeting",
   series = "Workshops in Computing",
   pages = "193--215",
   year = 1991,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Sijelmassi:89,
   author = "R. Sijelmassi and P. Gaudette",
   title = {{An Object Oriented Model for ESTELLE}},
   editor = "K.J Turner",
   booktitle = "Formal Description Techniques, FORTE'88",
   pages = "91--105",
   year = 1989,
   publisher ="North-Holland",
   note = "",}

========================================================================
		** ISO/CCITT Formal Object Model **

@MISC{ISO:93a,
   author = "ISO/CCITT", 
   title = {{ISO/IEC JTC1 SC21 N7524 (CD 10746-2.2) RM-ODP Part 2: Descriptive
	    Model}},
   year = 1993,
   note = "", }

@MISC{ISO:93b,
   author = "ISO/CCITT", 
   title = {{ISO/IEC JTC1 SC21/WG7 N752 RM-ODP Part 2: Arquitectural 
	    Semantics}},
   year = 1993,
   note = "", }

========================================================================
                ** OBJECT-Z **

@INPROCEEDINGS{Carrington:90,
   author = "D. A. Carrington, D. Duke and R. Duke and P. King and G.A. Rose 
   and G. Smith",
   title = {{Object-Z: An Object Oriented Extension to Z}},
   editor = "S.T. Vuong",
   booktitle = "Formal Description Techniques II, FORTE'89",
   pages = "281--296",
   year = 1990,
   publisher ="North-Holland",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{DDuke:90,
   author = "D. Duke and R. Duke",
   title = {{Towards a Semantics for Object-Z}},
   editor = "D. Bj{\/o}rner and C.A.R. Hoare and H. Langmaack",
   booktitle = "Proc. of VDM'90: VDM and Z --- Formal Methods in Software
		Development",
   series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
   volume = 428,
   pages = "242--262",
   year = 1990,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{RDuke:90a,
   author = "R. Duke and G. Rose and A. Lee",
   title = {{Object Oriented Protocol Specification}},
   editor = "L. Logrippo and R.L. Probert and H. Ural",
   booktitle = {Proc. of 10th International IFIP WG6.1 Symposium on Protocol
   Specification, Testing and Verification},
   pages = "325--328",
   year = 1990,
   publisher = "North-Holland",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{RDuke:90b,
   author = "R. Duke and D. Duke",
   title = {{Aspects of Object-Oriented Formal Specification}},
   booktitle = {Proc. of 5th Australian Software Engineering Conference 
         	(ASWEC'90)},
   pages = "21--26",
   year = 1990,
   note = "",}

@TECHREPORT{RDuke:91,
   author = "R. Duke and P. G. Rose King and and G. Smith",
   title = {{The Object-Z Specification Language, version 1}},
   institution = "Software Verification Research Center, Dep. of Computer
   Science, University of Queensland, Australia",
   number = "91-03",
   month = may,
   year = 1991,
   note= "", }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Bailes:91,
   author = "C. Bailes and R. Duke",
   title = {{The Ecology of Class Refinement}},
   editor = "J.M. Morris and R.C. Shaw",
   booktitle = "Proc. of the 4th Refinement Workshop",
   series = "Workshops in Computing",
   pages = "185--196",
   year = 1991,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "", }

@PHDTHESIS{DDuke:92a,
   author = "D.Duke",
   title = "Object-Oriented Formal Specification",
   school = "Dep. of Computer Science, University of Quensland, Australia",
   type = "{PhD} thesis",
   year = 1992,
   note = "",}

@TECHREPORT{RDuke:92b,
   author = "R. Duke and G.Rose",
   title = {{Modelling Object Identity}},
   institution = "Software Verification Research Center, Dep. of Computer
   Science, University of Queensland, Australia",
   number = "92-11",
   month = dec,
   year = 1992,
   note = "",}

@TECHREPORT{RDuke:93,
   author = "R. Duke and C. Bailes King and G. Smith",
   title = {{Modelling Reactive Objects}},
   institution = "Software Verification Research Center, Dep. of Computer
   Science, University of Quensland, Australia",
   number = "93-1",
   month = jan,
   year = 1993,
   note = "",}

========================================================================
		** Z ++ **

@INPROCEEDINGS{Lano:91a,
   author = "K. Lano",
   title = {{Z++: An Object-Oriented Extension to Z}},
   editor = "J.E. Nicholls",
   booktitle = "Z User Workshop: Proceedings of the 4th Annual Z User Meeting",
   series = "Workshops in Computing",
   pages = "151--172",
   year = 1991,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Lano:92a,
   author = "K. Lano and H. Haughton",
   title = {{Reasoning and Refinement in Object-Oriented Specification
           Languages}},
   booktitle = "Proc. of ECOOP'92, European Conference on Object Oriented
		Programming",
   series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
   volume = 615,
   year = 1992,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Lano:92b,
   author = "K. Lano and H. Haughton",
   title = {{An Algebraic Semantics for the Specification Language Z++}},
   booktitle = "Proc. of Algebraic Methodology  and Software Technology
                Conference  (AMAST'91)",
   year = 1992,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

========================================================================
		** MooZ **

@INPROCEEDINGS{Meira:91a,
   author = "S.L. Meira and A.L.C. Cavalcanti",
   title = {{Modular Object-Oriented Z Specifications}},
   editor = "J.E. Nicholls",
   booktitle = "Z User Workshop: Proceedings of the 4th Annual Z User Meeting",
   series = "Workshops in Computing",
   pages = "173--192",
   year = 1991,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@TECHREPORT{Meira:92,
   author = "S.L. Meira and A.L.C. Cavalcanti",
   title = {{The MooZ Specification Language}},
   institution = "Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Dep de Inform{\'a}tica,
		  Brasil",
   number = "ES/1.92",
   year = 1992,
   note = "", }

@TECHREPORT{Meira:91b,
   author = "S.L. Meira and A.L.C. Cavalcanti and C. Souza des Santos",
   title = {{ForMooZ: An Enviroment for Formal Object-Oriented Specification
	    and Prototyping}},
   institution = "Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Dep de Inform{\'a}tica,
		  Brasil",
   year = 1991,
   note = "", }

========================================================================
		** OOZE **	

@INPROCEEDINGS{Alencar:91,
   author = "A.J. Alencar and J.A. Goguen",
   title = {{OOZE: An Object-Oriented Z Enviroment}},
   editor = "P. America",
   booktitle = "Proc. of ECOOP'91 European Conference on Object-Oriented
		Programming",
   series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
   volume = 512,
   pages = "88--95",
   year = 1991,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

========================================================================
                 ** VDM ++ **

@INPROCEEDINGS{Durr:92a,
   author = "E.H.H. D{\"u}rr and J. van Katwijk",
   title = {{VDM++: a Formal Specification Language for Object-Oriented
	   Designs}},
   booktitle = "Proc. of ComEuro 1992",
   pages = "214--219",
   year = 1992,
   publisher = "IEEE Computer Society Press",
   note = "",}

@TECHREPORT{Durr:92b,
   author = "E.H.H. D{\"u}rr", 
   title = {{Syntactic Description of the VDM++ Language Version 4.2}},
   institution = "Rijksuniversiteit Utrech",
   number = "FI 92-6",
   month = sep,
   year = 1992,
   note = "", }


========================================================================
                 ** Object Oriented SDL **

@INPROCEEDINGS{Nilsson:92,
   author = "G.Nilsson and P. Blysa",
   title = {{Tool for Object Oriented Formal Specification Technique}},
   editor = "G. Heeg, B. Magnunsson, B. Meyer",
   booktitle = "Proc. of TOOLS 7",
   year = 1992,
   publisher ="Prentice Hall",
   note = "",}

@ARTICLE{Moller:86,
   author = "B. Moller-Pedersen and D. Belsnes and H.P. Dahle",
   title = {{Rationale and Tutorial on OSDL: An Object-Oriented Extension of
   SDL}},
   journal = "Computer Networks",
   year = 1986,
   volume = 13,
   number = 2,
   pages = "97--117",
   month = oct,
   note = "", }

========================================================================
                ** FRESCO **

@INPROCEEDINGS{Wills:91,
   author = "A. Wills",
   title = {{Capsules and Types in  Fresco: Smalltalk meets VDM}},
   booktitle = "Proc. of ECOOP'91 European Conference on Object-Oriented
		Programming",
   series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
   volume = 512,
   pages = "59--76",
   year = 1991,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}


@PHDTHESIS{Wills:92,
   author = "A. Wills",
   title = "Formal Specification of Object-Oriented Programs",
   school = "University of Manchester, UK",
   type = "{PhD} thesis",
   year = 1992,
   note = "", }

=========================================================================
		** C.B Jones (OO Formal Design Method) **

@techreport{Jones:92,
        author =	"C.B. Jones", 
	title =		{{An Object-Based Design Method
			for Concurrent Programs}},
	institution =	"Manchester University",
	number =	"UMCS-92-12-1",
	year =		"1992", }

@inproceedings{Jones:93a,
	author =	"C.B. Jones", 
	title =		{{Constraining Interference in an
			Object-Based Design Method}},
	booktitle =	"TAPSOFT'93:
			Theory and Practice of Software Development",
	editor =	"M-C. Gaudel and J-P. Jouannaud",
	publisher =	"Springer-Verlag",
	series =	"Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
	volume =	"668",
	pages =		"136--150",
	year =		"1993" ,}

@inproceedings{Jones:93b,
	author =	"C.B. Jones", 
	title =		{{Reasoning about Interference in an
			Object-Based Design Method}},
	booktitle =	"FME'93:
			Industrial-Strength Formal Methods",
	publisher =	"Springer-Verlag",
	series =	"Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
	volume =	"670",
	pages =		"1--18", 
	year =		"1993", }

@inproceedings{Jones:93c,
	author =	"C.B. Jones", 
	title =		{{Defining the Semantics of an Object-Based
			Design Notation}},
	booktitle =	"CONCUR'93",
	publisher =	"Springer-Verlag",
	series =	"Lecture Notes in Computer Science", 
	year =		"1993" }

@incollection{Jones:94,
	author =	"C.B. Jones", 
	title =		{{Process Algebra Proofs about an
			Object-Based Design Notation}},
	booktitle =	"Festschrift",
	editor =	"A. W. Roscoe",
	publisher =	"Prentice-Hall International",
	year =		"1994", }

========================================================================
         	      ** ABEL **

@INCOLLECTION{Dahl:87,
   author = "O. J. Dahl",
   title = {{Object-Oriented Specification}},
   editor = "B. Shriver and P. Wegner",
   booktitle = "Research Directions in Object-Oriented Programming",
   publisher = "MIT Press",
   year = "1987",
   pages = "561--576",
   note = "", }

@TECHREPORT{Dahl:91,
   author = "O. J. Dahl and O. Owe", 
   title = {{Formal Development with {ABEL}}},
   institution = "University of Oslo, Department of Informatics",
   number = "159",
   month = aug,
   year = 1991,
   note = "", }

========================================================================
		** General ref on OO specification **

@ARTICLE{Cusack:88,
   author = "E. Cusack", 
   title = {{Fundamental Aspects of Object Oriented Specification}},
   journal = "British Telecom Technological Journal", 
   volume = 6,
   number = 3,
   month = jul, 
   year = 1988,
   note = "", }

@ARTICLE{Cusack:92b,
   author = "E. Cusack and G. von Bochmann", 
   title = {{Formal Object Oriented Methods in Communication Standards}},
   journal = "OOPS Messenger", 
   volume = 3,
   number = 2,
   month = apr, 
   year = 1992,
   note = "", }

@ARTICLE{Wilson:93,
   author = "J. Wilson", 
   title = {{A systematic Approach  to Object Oriented Specification}},
   journal = "British Telecom Technological Journal (Special issue on
	      Object Oriented Technology and its Applications)",
   month = jul, 
   year = 1993,
   note = "", }

@ARTICLE{Rudkin:93,
   author = "S. Rudkin", 
   title = {{Templates, Types and Classes in Open Distributed Processing}},
   journal = "British Telecom Technological Journal (Special issue on
	      Object Oriented Technology and its Applications)",
   month = jul, 
   year = 1993,
   note = "", }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Whysall:91b,
   author = "P.J. Whysall and J.A. McDermid",
   title = {{Object-Oriented Specification and Refinement}},
   editor = "J.M. Morris and R.C. Shaw",
   booktitle = "Proc. of the 4th Refinement Workshop",
   series = "Workshops in Computing",
   pages = "151--184",
   year = 1991,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   note = "",}

@ARTICLE{Holt:92,
   author = "R. Holt", 
   title = {{A Framework for using Formal Methods in Object Oriented Software
	   development}},
   journal = "OOPS Messenger", 
   volume = 3,
   number = 2,
   month = apr, 
   year = 1992,
   note = "", }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Dahl:90,
   author = "O. J. Dahl",
   title = {{Object Orientation and Formal Techniques}},
   editor = "D. Bjorner and C.A.R. Hoare and H. Langmaack",
   booktitle = "VDM 90: VDM and Z --- Formal Methods in Software Development", 
   series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
   volume = 428,
   publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
   year = 1990,
   note = "",}

===================================================================
		** Misc **

@BOOK{Assche:91,
   editor = "F. van Assche and B. Moulin and C. Rolland",
   title = {Object Oriented Approach in Information Systems},
   publisher = "North-Holland (IFIP)",
   year = 1991,
   note = "",}

@INCOLLECTION{Prakash:91,
   author = "N. Prakash",
   title = {{Specifying Operational Characteristics of Information Systems
  	 in OOD}},
   editor = "F. van Assche and B. Moulin and C. Rolland",
   booktitle = "Object Oriented Approach in Information Sysems",
   publisher = "North-Holland",
   year = 1991,
   pages = "253--273",
   note = "", }

@TECHREPORT{Lano:91b,
   author = "K. Lano, H. Haughton, P. Breuer",
   title = {{Using Object Oriented Extensions of Z for Maintenance and 
	   reverse Engineering}},
   institution = "Oxford University Computing Laboratory", 
   number = "PRG-TR-22-91",
   month = may,
   year = 1991,
   note = "", }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Lakos:91,
   author = "C.A. Lakos and C.D. Keen",
   title = {{Modelling Layered Protocols in LOOPN}},
   booktitle = "Proc. of the 4th International Workshop on Petri Nets and 
		Performance Models",
   pages = "106--15",
   year = 1991,
   publisher = "IEEE Computer Society",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Buchs:92,
   author = "D. Buchs and N. Guelfi",
   title = {{Distributed System Specification using CO-OPN}},
   booktitle = "Proc. of the 3rd Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed 
                Computing Systems",
   pages = "26--33",
   year = 1992,
   publisher = "IEEE Computer Society",
   note = "",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Veltink:92,
   author = "G. Veltink",
   title = {{XP, an experiment in modular specification}},
   editor = "K.R. Park and G.A. Rose",
   booktitle = "Formal Description Techniques IV, FORTE'91",
   year = 1992,
   publisher ="North-Holland",
   note = "",}

========================================================================
		** Reviews - Comparations **

@book{Stepney:92b,
  editor = {S. Stepney and R. Barden and D. Cooper},
  title = {Object Orientation in {Z}},
  series = {Workshops in Computing},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = 1992,
  note = "",}
 
@article{Stepney:92a,
  author = {S. Stepney and R. Barden and D. Cooper},
  title = {{A Survey of Object Orientation in {Z}}},
  journal = {Software Engineering Journal},
  volume = 7,
  month = mar,
  year = 1992,
  note = "This is a short version of \cite{Stepney:92b}"}
 
@book{Lano:93,
  editor = {K. Lano, H. Haughton},
  title = {Object-Oriented Specification Case Studies},
  series = {Object-Oriented Series},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall International},
  year = 1993,
  note = {Currently in Press}}

@MISC{Casais:93,
  author = "E. Casais and C. Lewerentz and T. Lindner and F. Weber",
  title = {{Formal Methods and Object-Orientation}},
  howpublished = "Tutorial at TOOLS Europe 1993, Versailles, France",
  note = "", }